«Great Britain»
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244000 sq. km. The population is over 56million people. The United Kingdom is a monarchy and the Queen is the head of the state. But in practice it is ruled by the government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers known as the House of Commons and the House of Lords. London is the capital of the United Kingdom and it is one of the largest cities in the world. It is situated upon both banks of the River Thames. The population of London is about 8 million. Traditionally London is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business center. Numerous banks, offices and firms are concentrated here. Few people live in the City but over a million come to work here.
Trafalgar Square is the geographical center of London, it was named in the memory of Admiral Nelson’s victory in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. There are a lot of places of interest in London: St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Tower of London, Westminster, Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament and others.
The USA
The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world (after Russia, Canada, and China). It occupies the southern part of North America and stretches from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. It also includes Alaska in the north and Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The total area of the country is about nine and a half million square kilometres. The USA borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It also has a seaboarder with Russia.
The USA is made up of 50 states and the District of Columbia where the capital of the country, Washington, is situated. The population of the country is about 250 million. If we look at the map of the USA, we can see lowlands and mountains. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera, and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak is Mount McKinley, which is located in Alaska. America's largest rivers are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio Grande, and the Columbia. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and deepest in the USA.
The climate of the country varies greatly. The coldest regions are in the north. The climate of Alaska is arctic. The climate of the central part of the country is continental. The south has subtropical climate. Hot winds blowing from the Gulf of Mexico often bring typhoons. The climate along the Pacific coast is much warmer than that of the Atlantic coast.
The USA is a highly developed industrial country. It is the leading producer of copper and oil and the worlds second producer of iron ore and coal. On the industrial enterprises of the country they produce aircrafts, cars, textiles, radio and television sets, weapon, furniture, and paper.
Though mainly European and African in origin, the Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations, including the Chinese and the native Americans — Indians. The largest cities are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San Francisco, and others.
The United States is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, each of which has its own government. The seat of the central (federal) government is Washington, D. C. According to the Constitution of the USA, the powers of the government are divided into 3 branches: the executive, headed by the President, the legislative, exercised by the Congress, and the juridical. The Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are two main political parties in the USA: the Republican and the Democratic.
«Canada»
Canada is the second largest country in the world. Canada is situated in North America. Its total land area is about 10 mil.sq. km . As Canada extends for thousands of miles from the Arctic Ocean to the USA and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, all kinds of weather conditions, are to be found there. The population of Canada is 29 million people. The capital is Ottawa, which is located on the banks of the Ottawa, Rideau and Gatineau rivers; the main cities are: Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. The word Canada comes from one of the Red Indian languages «Kannata» , meaning «a number of huts». Canada is often called « The land of the Maple Leaf». The maple leaf is the national symbol of Canada. History of Canada goes back to over 400 years. The French were the first settlers of this country. In 1759 Canada became a part of the British Empire. In 1931 it became independent from Britain. Today Canada is an independent federative state, consisting of 10provinces and 2 territories. It is a member of the Commonwealth, headed by the Queen of Great Britain. The federal Parliament is made up of the House of Commons and the Senate. The leader of the party that wins the largest number of seats in a newly elected House of Commons is asked to form the government. The two official languages are English and French. Canada is a country with very high standards of living. This country is particularly advanced in the areas of health, education, social protection and human rights.
Australia.
The Commonwealth of Australia is a federal state. Its territories are the continent of Australia, the island of Tasmania and a number of smaller islands. It has an area of about 8 mil. sq.km. The population is about 18 million people. It is the world’s largest island and its smallest continent. The east coast of Australia was discovered by Captain Cook in 1770. The capital of Australia is Canberra. Australia has a federal parliamentary government. The Australian federation was formed on January 1, 1901, from former British colonies, which thereupon became states. The Australian constitution combines the traditions of British parliamentary monarchy with important elements of the US federal system. The government consists of the British sovereign and the Australian Parliament. There are 5 big cities in Australia: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, and others . Sometimes Australia is called the Land Down Under because the continent is south of the Equator, where winter comes in July and summer begins in December. During the Christmas holidays people often sunbathe on the beach or surf in the ocean. It is interesting to notice that though most of the territory is too dry or too hot Australia has an extraordinary collection of birds and animals. Many of them are found only there: the emu, the kangaroo, the koala, the dingo, the kookaburra, the great white cockatoo.
The USA
Australia
Canada
The USA
Australia
Canada
The USA
Australia
Canada
Grammar “Types of the questions”.
Alternative question (альтернативный вопрос).
По-русски его можно было бы назвать «или – или». Этот тип вопроса в английском языке строится с использованием союза or. Задать его можно к любому члену предложения, однако всегда в самом вопросе будет заложено как минимум два варианта ответа.
Do you like comedies or dramas? Has he been sleeping or sunbathing?
Where are you going: to the cinema or to the park?
Tag question (разделительный вопрос)
Последний из пяти типов вопросов в английском языке имеет яркую особенность – дополнительную часть, которая присоединяется в конце предложения. Первая часть представляет собой утвердительное или отрицательное предложение, которое произносится с пониженной интонацией. Вторая часть имеет обратный порядок слов и строится с использованием вспомогательных или модальных глаголов, выбранных в соответствии с формой и временем глагола из первой части. Произносится «хвостик» с вопросительной восходящей интонацией.
John’s gone to the pub, hasn’t he? I’m a brilliant student, aren’t I?
Children usually play in the garden, don’t they?
Grammar “Types of the questions”.
Alternative question (альтернативный вопрос).
По-русски его можно было бы назвать «или – или». Этот тип вопроса в английском языке строится с использованием союза or. Задать его можно к любому члену предложения, однако всегда в самом вопросе будет заложено как минимум два варианта ответа.
Do you like comedies or dramas? Has he been sleeping or sunbathing?
Where are you going: to the cinema or to the park?
Tag question (разделительный вопрос)
Последний из пяти типов вопросов в английском языке имеет яркую особенность – дополнительную часть, которая присоединяется в конце предложения. Первая часть представляет собой утвердительное или отрицательное предложение, которое произносится с пониженной интонацией. Вторая часть имеет обратный порядок слов и строится с использованием вспомогательных или модальных глаголов, выбранных в соответствии с формой и временем глагола из первой части. Произносится «хвостик» с вопросительной восходящей интонацией.
John’s gone to the pub, hasn’t he? I’m a brilliant student, aren’t I?
Children usually play in the garden, don’t they?
Grammar “Types of the questions”.
Alternative question (альтернативный вопрос).
По-русски его можно было бы назвать «или – или». Этот тип вопроса в английском языке строится с использованием союза or. Задать его можно к любому члену предложения, однако всегда в самом вопросе будет заложено как минимум два варианта ответа.
Do you like comedies or dramas? Has he been sleeping or sunbathing?
Where are you going: to the cinema or to the park?
Tag question (разделительный вопрос)
Последний из пяти типов вопросов в английском языке имеет яркую особенность – дополнительную часть, которая присоединяется в конце предложения. Первая часть представляет собой утвердительное или отрицательное предложение, которое произносится с пониженной интонацией. Вторая часть имеет обратный порядок слов и строится с использованием вспомогательных или модальных глаголов, выбранных в соответствии с формой и временем глагола из первой части. Произносится «хвостик» с вопросительной восходящей интонацией.
John’s gone to the pub, hasn’t he? I’m a brilliant student, aren’t I?
Children usually play in the garden, don’t they?
Grammar “Types of the questions”.
Alternative question (альтернативный вопрос).
По-русски его можно было бы назвать «или – или». Этот тип вопроса в английском языке строится с использованием союза or. Задать его можно к любому члену предложения, однако всегда в самом вопросе будет заложено как минимум два варианта ответа.
Do you like comedies or dramas? Has he been sleeping or sunbathing?
Where are you going: to the cinema or to the park?
Tag question (разделительный вопрос)
Последний из пяти типов вопросов в английском языке имеет яркую особенность – дополнительную часть, которая присоединяется в конце предложения. Первая часть представляет собой утвердительное или отрицательное предложение, которое произносится с пониженной интонацией. Вторая часть имеет обратный порядок слов и строится с использованием вспомогательных или модальных глаголов, выбранных в соответствии с формой и временем глагола из первой части. Произносится «хвостик» с вопросительной восходящей интонацией.
John’s gone to the pub, hasn’t he? I’m a brilliant student, aren’t I?
Children usually play in the garden, don’t they?
