The Congress of the United States is a legislative branch of the United States government. Congress is composed of two chambers with equal powers: the 100-member Senate and the 435-member House of Representatives. The primary duty of Congress is to write, debate, and pass bills, which are then passed on to the president for approval. Once the president approves the legislation, the executive branch enforces the new laws and the judicial branch interprets them. Other congressional duties include investigating pressing national issues, supervising the executive and judicial branches, and shaping U.S. foreign policy.
The Constitution of the United States grants Congress “ all legislative powers” in the national government. Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution lists a wide range of congressional powers, including printing money, declaring war, and regulating interstate and foreign commerce. Congress also controls federal taxing and spending policies.
Congress shares many powers with the president. Congress takes equal responsibility with the president in framing U. S. foreign policy. The president and his representatives negotiate treaties with other countries, but the treaties go into effect only when the Senate approves them.
Similarly, the president appoints ambassadors, federal judges, and many other government officials, and shaping U. S foreign policy.
Congress also shares control over the military with the president. Congress has the authority to declare war and provide funding for soldiers and weapons, but the president server as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
The Constitution limits congressional power. The original articles of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights – the first ten amendments to the Constitution – forbid Congress to pass some types of laws. The First Amendment, for example, prevents Congress from creating a national religion. It also declares that Congress Cannot violate certain basic freedoms such as freedom of the press, speech, association, and petition.
Music is part of virtually every culture on Earth, but it varies widely among cultures in style and structure. Many people feel that music makes life worth living. It gives us pleasure , soothes, excites, or cheers us up. Music can be happy, sad, romantic, sleepy – all kinds of things. But what is it? Some people define it as an artful arrangement of sounds across time. Our ears interpret these sounds as loud or soft, high or low, rapid and short, or slow and smooth. The sounds need to continue for a time in some sort of pattern to become music. Music, 1.________, is a uniquely human form of communication with well- developed rules of construction much like grammar. Most ancient Greek philosophers believed that listening to music based on positive modes in use at the time was beneficial to the development of a young person’s character , and warned against listening to music based on certain other modes because it would have harmful effects. For centuries Chinese beliefs about music were influenced by the philosophy of Confucius 2 __________
As with language , there are many different kinds of music such as jazz, rock, classical, folk, country, and many other kinds of music. Each kind of music has its own rules and “ speaks’ to us in its own way. Today, many cultures divide music 3_________. Art music, 4__________, is more complicated than the music of the people – folk music and popular music. Art music is generally harder to write and perform. Musicians, 5.__________need a lot of training. Popular and folk styles typically are easier to create, perform and understand. No one knows for sure 6_________.Music goes along with many of our activities. We dance to music, sing songs, or exercise to music, we hear music in cars and stores. 7___________, so music is part of our lives.
A. who perform it B. like language C. according to which music was not to entertain but to purify one’s thoughts.
D. into art music and music of the people
E. when music began
F. Music entertains us and accompanies many important occasions
G.which we call classical music
Music is part of virtually every culture on Earth, but it varies widely among cultures in style and structure. Many people feel that 1_________ . It gives us pleasure , soothes, excites, or cheers us up. Music can be happy, sad, romantic, sleepy – all kinds of things. But what is it? Some people define it 2____________. Our ears interpret these sounds as loud or soft, high or low, rapid and short, or slow and smooth. The sounds need to continue for a time in some sort of pattern to become music. Music, like language is a uniquely human form of communication with well- developed rules of construction much like grammar. Most ancient Greek philosophers believed that listening to music based on positive modes in use at the time was beneficial to the development of a young person’s character , and warned against listening to music based on certain other modes 3_______
For centuries Chinese beliefs about music were influenced by the philosophy of Confucius. according to which music was not to entertain but to purify one’s thoughts .
As with language , there are many different kinds of music such as jazz, rock, classical, folk, country, and many other kinds of music. Each kind of music has its own rules and “ speaks’ to us in its own way. Today, many cultures divide music into art music and music of the people. Art music,4_________ is more complicated than the music of the people – folk music and popular music. Art music is generally harder to write and perform. Musicians, who perform it need a lot of training. Popular and folk styles typically are easier to create, perform and understand. No one knows for sure 5____________ .Music goes along with many of our activities. We dance to music, sing songs, or exercise to music, we hear music in cars and stores. Music entertains us and accompanies many important occasions, 6_____________
A . which we call classical music
B . so music is part of our lives
C . as an artful arrangement of sounds across time
D .because melody and rhythm are two basic elements of music
E . when music began
F . music makes life worth living
G . because it would have harmful effects
The Congress of the United States is a legislative branch of the United States government. Congress is composed of two chambers with equal powers: the 100-member Senate and the 435-member House of Representatives. The primary duty of Congress is to write, debate, and pass bills, 1_____________. Once the president approves the legislation, the executive branch enforces the new laws and the judicial branch interprets them. Other congressional duties include investigating pressing national issues, supervising the executive and judicial branches, 2______________.
The Constitution of the United States grants Congress “ all legislative powers” in the national government. Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution lists a wide range of congressional powers, including printing money, declaring war, and regulating interstate and foreign commerce. Congress also controls federal taxing and spending policies.
Congress shares many powers with the president. Congress takes equal responsibility with the president in framing U. S. foreign policy. The president and his representatives negotiate treaties with other countries, but the treaties go into effect only 3__________
Similarly, the president appoints ambassadors, federal judges, and many other government officials, 4____________.
Congress also shares control over the military with the president. Congress has the authority to declare war and provide funding for soldiers and weapons,5____________ The Constitution limits congressional power. The original articles of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights – the first ten amendments to the Constitution – forbid Congress to pass some types of laws. The First Amendment, for example, prevents Congress from creating a national religion. It also declares that Congress Cannot violate certain basic freedoms 6__________
A.and shaping U.S. foreign policy
B.when the Senate approves them
С. which are then passed on to the president for approval.
D.such as freedom of the press, speech, association, and petition.
E.but the president servers as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
F.which duty is to pass new laws
G. but they must be confirmed by the Senate
The Internet is completely changing the way 1______________. This general source of news and knowledge has revolutionized the world of media beyond all recognition. Thanks to the Internet we can find the most sophisticated pieces of information in a flash. It’s no wonder 2______________. Because of this new communication channel we feel almost as if we are eye witnesses of events 3_____________. And this is just the beginning of a great development. Nowadays, everybody feels the need to have access to the Internet. Personally, I just can’t imagine that there is any information we can’t receive by virtue of this medium.
I love to surf the Internet for hours. How in the world would I get faster to the people I care for? In no way would I dream of depreciating the importance of telephones. Particularly as a woman I can sit on the phone 4______________. Yet, the Internet helps me to save time. I can talk with some friends via the Communicator; write e-mails to others 5_______________. The Internet is an infinite source of information on education and career opportunities. As a student I don’t want to lag behind those who are well informed about the best job vacancies. It’s the Internet that gives me the means to select the most appropriate offers and get in touch with potential employers. Instead of buying dozens of newspapers and trawling through them in search of some worthwhile information sandwiched between things I’m not really interested in, I find everything I need in on time at all. In addition I can practise and improve my English on the Internet 6 ________________. The Internet has become a vital part of my daily life and it`s so much more to me than just another source of entertainment.
that we tend to say that the world is getting smaller
while I meet new people from different parts of the world
we access information
because it appears to be quite interesting
till the cows come home
which take place in distant countries
while simultaneously browsing the World Wide Web
I’ve been learning English since I was seven. The first few years were really disastrous to me! We – brother and I – had to learn words and grammar rules, 1___________. We completely didn’t feel the need to learn English. Everything has changed since I went to the USA for the first time in 1989. I was under great impression of picturesque Great Canyon, Sonora Desert and by all means, as a little girl I was fascinated by Disneyland! As far as my education is concerned, I think that the most important thing to mention is that from the earliest childhood I’ve been taught by qualified teachers, 2____________. I think that this is of prime importance especially for young learners, as they tend to learn wrong things very easily and later it takes an uphill struggle to eliminate those errors. My teachers focused on all aspects of the language: 3__________. When I was younger they used to show me what the best ways of practicing a language are.
Nowadays, I know about what to do learn it most effectively. I watch many films in original version and American programmers on TV, I read English books. To practice new words I write essays 4_____________. Such exercises help me a lot during oral exams 5______________. I could work on vocabulary many hours, especially on idioms and metaphors, they are my favorite. By all means, I use many exercise books which help me to practice grammar is to talk, write essays etc. Of course, you have to know the grammar rules first. All in all, must admit that I like oral English the most. Maybe it’s 6 ______________.
A. who translated a lot
B. grammar, vocabulary, oral and written English
C. because, I’m quite a talkative person
D. either at home or in high school
E. when I have to answer questions or deliver a speech
F. which didn’t seem to have much sense for us at that time.
G. which include new interesting vocabulary.
Today ,when English is one of the major languages in the world , it is spoken in many countries either as the mother tongue or as a second language. It is the language of business, technology, sport, and aviation. In this article I`ll focus on the two mostly commonly used versions of English – British and American English. Before we take a look at some of the differences between the two main types of English I`d like to stress 1______ and with the ongoing internationalization of our modern world they could even said to be diminishing. The few differences that exist between British and American English tend rather to enrich communication 2_______. Although not all my British readers might agree, I think that the American version of spoken English is becoming more and more dominant for several reasons. Let me give you an example to show you 3_____. When you go to the UK and switch on the TV you will see a lot of American shows, movies and films 4_____. Thus, especially young people watching TV will learn a lit of American vocabulary and phrases 5_____. It follows that modern British English is much more likely to be influenced by American English that the other way round because when you live in the US and watch TV you rarely will see a British show or film. Another area where US English dominates is international business. Most globally operating companies are based in the US and 6_____.
Hower,with any issue, the more you think about it, the more variations you will encounter and it would be impossible to cover them all in one article.
A. hence the influence of American English terminology is very strong
B. why American English has a stronger impact on British English than vice versa
C. that hasgiven English its present standing in the world
D. that these differences are somewhat minor
E. which they easily use as their own
F. than slow it down
G. which are shown in the original American version
What intrigues me is 1_____. Was it the phone or the letter? Or do we now have more contacts with people then we used to simply 2_____? Or maybe the letter was too much of an effort? In the old days people 3_____ would say: «Keep in touch. Give me a bell. Drop me a line». But did you? Do you now keep in touch with e-mail?
Then of course not all occasions are suitable for e-mails. Would you write an e-mail of sympathy to someone whose loved one had died? Take another example. Would you send a love e-mail? A love letter, well that`s something different. People look back over those in later life and treasure them. But would you save your love e-mails and keep them in a little box? Is it likely that an e-mail will acquire a historical significance in the future 4_____? In this country sometimes an e-mail between important political figures is `leaked` 5_____. That rarely happened with letters. Again we have all seen and read books containing the collected letters of famous writers, artists, politicians and the like. Can you imagine a book containing the collected e-mails of similar figures in the future? And that about the word «e-mail» itself? We can use it as a noun and a verb and possibly call someone who sends one an e-mailer. What would we use to describe the equivalent of correspondence? Could it be «e-mailings» or again «e-mailery»? What I’d really like to know is 6______?
A. because they are so easy to get hold of and send to the press
B. as letters have done in the past
C. what sort of communication we all used before the coming of the e-mail
D. what sort of status do e-mails have in your opinion
E. you met briefly but got on with
F. because the phone could have been too expensive
G. as e-mails are so easy to send
It was a clear cold January afternoon. Mrs. Smith had finished cooking and was waiting for Tom who promised to come at three. Mrs Smith decided to go shopping with her son. William, her husband, worked in a small advertising company as a bookkeeper 1______. She has been looking for William’s birthday present for several days, but could not find anything that suited her. Mrs. Smith counted the money again. William did not earn big money and it was difficult for her to save a sum sufficient enough for a good present. Mrs. Smith wanted to buy him a new camera. William was keen one taking photos, 2______. Tom decided to buy him a new jumper.
They drove to the department store 3______. Mrs. Smith used the escalator to go to the Electrical Department on the third floor and Tom took the stairs up to the Men’s Clothing Department on the first floor. When she got to the Electrical Department she found out that cameras were sold in the Photography Department on the ground floor. She took the elevator down and asked the sales assistant there for some help 4______. He recommended her an automatic camera by Olympus, but it was too expensive. She asked him if he had anything a little cheaper and he told her about a special offer on the Pentax range. It still seemed expensive to her so she thanked the assistant and decided to shop around. She went to the other departments looking for something else, but she soon understood 5______. Meanwhile, Tom was looking at the jumpers. He only had £10 to spend so he couldn’t afford most of them. He dreamt of presenting his father with a blue jumper made of wool, but it cost €42. He left the department and went for his mother. They decided to go to the smaller shops round the corner 6________.
A. which was located several blocks off their house.
B . that the department store was too expensive for her.
C . who explained everything in detail.
D . but his old camera broke down in September
E . where goods cost a bit cheaper
F . and on Saturdays they were going to celebrate his forty- fifth anniversary
G . because she didn`t know much about cameras.
