Essay
Introduction
It is one of the most controversial/urgent/up-to-date/acute problems
There is no public opinion on the matter
There are many pros and cons
It has been with us for … years, but the debates haven’t subsided yet
В тексте дано задание. Обязательно перефразируй его. Обычно задание сформулировано вопросом или риторическим вопросом.
Способы, которыми можно перефразировать задание:
Замена вопроса на противоположный без утери смысла
Do you think we should continue space exploration? - Do you think we should stop exploring space?
Замена глагола should
Do we have to …?
Do we need to …?
Замена структуры
Is it worth exploring space?
Замена вопроса на конструкцию «Разве это…?» (риторический вопрос)
Can’t we do without…
Wouldn’t it be better if we stopped…?
Isn’t it waste of money, time, talent, effort to …?
Апелляция к разуму и чувствам читателя
Is it logical, rational …?
Is that just fair, humane, sensible, important…?
Is it really so important …?
Твое аргументированное мнение (My opinion)
To my mind
In my opinion
From my point of view
As far as I can judge
As for me
There is no doubt
Undoubtedly
Приведи 2-3 аргумента в защиту своего мнения. Аргументы должны быть четкими и разнообразными. Рассортируй их по порядку или по значению
(1)
Firstly
To start with
To begin with
Initially
Secondly
Finally
Last
(2)
Mainly
First
Foremost
Last but not least
Или дай один аргумент +добавь:
Moreover
Furthermore
In addition
One more thing is
Another thing is
Besides
What’s more
Аргументы против
Представь 2 контраргумента. Помни, ты представляешь противоположную точку зрения только для того, чтобы опровергнув ее, еще больше укрепить свою позицию.
Linking words:
But
However
Nevertheless
Some people claim/say/believe
My opponents try to prove
Some people claim … still other insist…
Though
Although
Whereas
Despite
In spite of
On the other hand
Опровержение аргументов оппонента
I strongly disagree
The first argument is groundless
It is based on insufficient (недостаточный) and biased (необъективный) evidence
The second argument is irrelevant (неуместный), illogical
The opponent makes logical mistakes trying to prove…
The opponent is rushing to conclusion
The statistics show
The facts are not sufficient to prove
The opponent is over simplifying the problem
The comparison is unfair, false
It’s not as simple as it first meets the eye
Linking words:
Evidently
Apparently
Instead of
It’s common knowledge
Quite the other way round
On the contrary
Vice versa
Unlike
Despite the facts
In spite of
Apart from
In contrast with
Conclusion
All in all
To sum up
In conclusion
To conclude
All things considered
Let me briefly summarize
Advantages outweigh the disadvantages
I think I’ve managed to prove my point of view
Linking words:
Thus
As a result
Hence (поэтому, следовательно)
