So many countries so many customs.
If we celebrate the same holidays we are very much alike.
Цели урока:
Ознакомление с традициями празднования Рождества в Великобритании и других странах.
Закрепление в речи учащихся необходимой тематической лексики.
Развитие навыков аудирования, устной речи, чтения.
Создание условий для воспитания уважительного отношения к культуре другой страны через ознакомление с её традициями, поэзией, музыкой; формирования способности участвовать в межкультурном диалоге путем сравнения традиций наших стран.
Оборудование: Карта Великобритании, карта мира, флажки стран (Великобритания, Австралия, Нидерланды, Финляндия, Мексика, Италия, Россия), красочно оформленные сообщения учащихся, наряженная елка, рождественские чулки, рождественские открытки, магнитофонная запись музыкального сопровождения песен “Jingle Bells”, “Silent Night”, плакат “Merry Christmas!”, карточки с текстами для чтения, с упражнениями для проверки понимания прослушанных сообщений.
Ход урока
(Звучит музыкальное сопровождение песни “Jingle Bells”. На фоне музыки ученик читает стихотворение с переводом).
Pupil 1: Christmas Message (H. W. Longfellow)I heard the bells on Christmas Day Я слышал колокольчик Рождества
Their old familiar carols play Его привычно старые мотивы
And wild and sweet И вольные, и нежные слова
The words repeat Слова, что в памяти народной живы.
Of peace on earth, good will to men. О мире на земле, о счастье для людей.
Teacher: Good afternoon, dear friends, good afternoon, dear guests. You’ve heard the beautiful poem. It’s about the most popular holiday in the world – about Christmas. We are going to speak about this holiday today and about traditions connected with it. Our aim is to prove that though people from different countries have different traditions and customs they are very much alike if they celebrate the same holidays. First of all I’d like to ask you some questions.
1. Which holiday is more popular in Britain: Christmas or New Year?
2. When do the British celebrate Christmas?
3. Who was born that night?
4. What traditions are connected with the holiday? Name them, please.
(На доске записаны слова по-русски; после того, как дан перевод каждого слова, открывается схема коллажа с ключевыми словами по-английски. По ходу прослушивания сообщений к каждому слову-ядру прикрепляется снежинка).
Ключевые слова:
обычаи и традиции;
канун Рождества;
рождественские украшения;
елка;
плющ;
остролист;
омела;
рождественские открытки;
рождественский обед;
рождественский пудинг и индейка;
рождественские подарки;
рождественский чулок;
Дед Мороз;
Счастливого Рождества!
(Схема коллажа – Приложение1)
Teacher: You can see some new words in the drawing and if you listen attentively to the reports your classmates have prepared, you’ll understand their meaning and learn a lot of new information about Christmas traditions. After listening you’ll have to do some tasks. So, Christmas traditions in your reports.
(Учащиеся представляют устные сообщении, самостоятельно подготовленные. По ходу
сообщения указывают на слова в коллаже и дают их перевод).
Pupil 2: Day Before Christmas (Marchette Chutte)
We have been helping with the cake
And licking out the pan
And wrapping up our packages
As neatly as we can
And we have hung our stocking up
Beside the open grate
And now there’s nothing more to do
EXEPT TO WAIT!
Pupil 3: Christmas Eve and Christmas Day.
Christmas Eve is a very busy time for the Englishmen. On December the 24th offices, factories and schools close at 1 o’clock in the afternoon, but shops are open until late for the people who haven’t bought Christmas presents yet and want to buy them at the last moment. People have a lot to do: they decorate Christmas trees and their houses, prepare presents for children, relatives and friends, women cook or buy various tasty things for Christmas Dinner. Many people on this day go home to be with their families because Christmas is a family holiday.
On Christmas day families sit down at a festive dinner. In the afternoon they may watch the Queen on television as she delivers her traditional Christmas message to the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth. Christmas evening is the time for terrible stories about ghosts. But now people only laugh and nobody is frightened.
Pupil 4: Christmas Decorations.
The English like to decorate their houses before Christmas. There is a beautiful Christmas tree in every English home. But this tradition is not very old. In England the Christmas tree was made popular by Prince Albert, the husband of Queen Victoria. Prince Albert was born in Germany where the decorated tree was already one of the Christmas traditions. In 1840 he introduces a beautiful tree into the royal family’s Christmas and many other people soon followed suit.
At first Christmas trees were decorated with things to eat – edible angels, ginger-bread men and apples. Nowadays people decorate their Christmas trees with bright toys, balls and electric lights.
The English decorate their houses not only with a Christmas tree, they use holly, ivy and mistletoe. It’s a typical English custom. Holly is an evergreen plant with shape-pointed leaves and red berries. Holly’s berries symbolize Christ’s blood. Mistletoe is an evergreen plant with small leaves and small white berries. On Christmas Eve there is a bunch of mistletoe in every house. Under this bunch you may kiss everyone you like. Ivy means immortality.
You can see Christmas trees in the streets of English towns too. The biggest and the most beautiful tree stands in the centre of Trafalgar Square in London.
Pupil 5: Christmas Cards.
Every English family sends and gets a lot of Christmas cards. In fact the English send more than a billion Christmas cards every year. The custom of sending cards at Christmas appears in Queen Victoria’s reign. The first cards were the idea of Henry Cole, who was the first director of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Every year he sent short notes to his friends at Christmas, wishing them a happy holiday season. But in 1843 he had no time for letter-writing, so he asked an artist, John Horsley to design a card with a printed message to send it as usual greeting. The first card cost one shilling. Now producing Christmas cards is a billion-dollar industry, but homemade cards are still the most appreciated. All the Christmas cards are beautiful; there are pictures of angels, fir trees, Christmas stockings on them. You can also see a robin on almost every Christmas card. Many years ago postmen had bright red coats. They looked like robins. At Christmas they brought a lot of Christmas cards so people began to think about robin as a Christmas bird.
Pupil 6: Christmas Dinner.
The most popular Christmas dishes are Christmas turkey and Christmas pudding. In England they make Christmas pudding before Christmas. All the family stir the pudding and make a wish. When the pudding is hot they put five-penny pieces in it and sometimes little silver charms – a horseshoe, a button or a ring. A five-penny piece means you are going to have money the next year, the horseshoe brings good luck, the ring means a wedding. The button means you aren’t going to get married. Children often put holy on the pudding.
Pupil 7: Christmas presents.
There are a lot of traditions connected with Christmas but perhaps the most important one is giving of presents. The Bible says that when Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem wise men from the East came to worship him. They give the Child presents – gold, frankincense and myrrh. That’s why people nowadays try to please their friends and relatives giving them Christmas presents. Family members wrap up their gifts and leave them at the bottom of the Christmas tree to be found on Christmas morning. Children hang Christmas stockings over their beds as they believe that Santa Claus will come down the chimney and fill the stockings with presents. A Christmas stocking is not a real stocking. It is big and beautifully decorated.. Traditionally people put their Christmas presents into boxes wrapped in bright coloured paper with ribbons. That is why the day on which they give and receive these boxes is called Boxing Day. It is on the 26th of December. It’s a public holiday in England. It is also a traditional day for presenting gifts of money to people who had been on service during the year – servants, postmen etc.
Teacher: And who brings presents to English children?
Pupils: Santa Claus does.
Pupil 8: Santa Claus
(Florence Harrison)Oh, Santa Claus, no music beats
When you are passing down the streets
And who has heard from far away
The bells that tinkle on your sleigh
Dear Santa Claus. On Christmas Eve for girls and boys
You fill long stockings full of toys
With many sweets and sugar plums
But non have ever seen you come
Dear Santa Claus.
Your hand has never knocked the door
Your foot upon the nursery floor
Has never left a trace of snow
How do you come? How do you go,
Old Santa Claus? Oh, through the wind and snow and sleet
Up at the pane above the street
I’d watch for you, but old folks say
When children wake, you stay away,
Dear Santa Claus.
So, you must bow above my bed
This Christmas Eve and touch my head
With kisses, soft – as shadows creep
And I may see you in my sleep,
Dear Santa Claus.
Pupil 9: Santa Claus.
For English children Christmas means Santa Claus. We picture him a merry old grey-haired gentleman with rosy cheeks, dressed in his gay heavy red coat and having large sacks on his back.
But when we want to know what lies behind this happy picture we find some interesting thing. To begin with, Saint Nicholas – that was his real name – is the national saint of Russia and Greece. He is the saint, who protects all the people in trouble: he saved sailors’ lives during storms, brought health to sick children, gives money to the poor. They say that during his lifetime Saint Nicholas was tall and thin, but the Dutch, who emigrated to America took their favourite saint with them. And there he changed his appearance. Now he is short and thick, a very homely and well-loved figure whom every child wants to meet in the shop at Christmas, and children want to have Santa Claus presents in their stockings.
Pupil 10: Carols.
On Sunday before Christmas many churches hold a carol service where special songs are sung. These songs are called carols. There are different types of carols: religious songs or old traditional songs such as “Jingle Bells” in England. Carols are sung by waits. Waits are a group of singers who sing carols. In small towns and villages waits often come and stand in front of the house and sing or play carols. They receive money for their singing or playing. They give money to poor and old people.
Teacher: And now let’s listen to one of the carols – “Silent Night”
(Исполняется песня “Silent Night”)
Silent NightSilent Night, Holly Night, all is calm,
All is bright.
Round yon Virgin, Mother and Child
Holly Infant, so tender and mild
Sleep in heavenly peace.
Sleep in heavenly peace. Silent Night, Holly Night, Son and God
Love’s pure light
Radiant beams from Thy holly face
With the dawn of redeeming grace
Jesus, Lord, at Thy birth
Jesus, Lord, at Thy birth.
Teacher: So, you have heard the stories about Christmas traditions. Now I’d like to check up how attentive you were. Take the cards and do the exercises.
(Учащиеся получают карточки с упражнениями и выполняют предложенные задания).
Card I.
I. Complete the sentences:
1. On Christmas Eve the English are very busy. They … … …
2. The English like to decorate their houses with … … …
3. One can read the following words on Christmas cards “ … … …”
4. People think about … … … as a Christmas bird.
5. The most popular Christmas dishes are … … …
6. The English put their presents into … … …
7. The day on which they give and receive presents is called … … …
8. A special Christmas song is called … … …
9. Every year the Queen delivers to the United Kingdom her … … …
II. Choose the right variant from the given below:
1. The first Christmas tree appeared in England …
a) in 1898
b) in 1843
c) in 1840
2. It was made popular by …
a) Queen Victoria
b) her father
c) Queen Victoria’s husband, Prince Albert
3. The biggest and the most beautiful Christmas tree stands …
a) in Westminster Palace b) in the center of Picadilly Circus c) in the center of Trafalgar Square
4. Holly’s berries symbolize …, ivy means …
a) immortality, long life
b) stars, immortality
c) Christ’s blood, immortality
5. The first Christmas card was designed by …
a) Prince Albert
b) Henry Cole
c) John Horsley
6. If one finds a ring in Christmas pudding it means that …
a) he is going to have money the next year
b) he isn’t going to get married
c) he is going to get married
7. Boxing Day is on …
a) the 24th of December
b) the 26th of December
c) the 25th of December
Teacher: Now please put down the new words from the blackboard into your vocabularies.
(Учащиеся записывают в словарь новые слова: Christmas message, a robin, a horseshoe, a button, a ring, a five-penny piece, Boxing Day, waits).
Teacher: Christmas is the most popular holiday not only in England but all around the world. And today we’ll read a little about Christmas traditions in different countries.
(Учащиеся получают карточки с текстом о праздновании Рождества в разных странах; текст читается и переводится. Перед чтением текста звучит стихотворение “Christmas in Two Lands”)
Pupil 9 : Christmas in Two Lands. (John Mellings)There it is cold, or there is snow
And holly, fir and mistletoe
And carols sung out in the street
By children, walking through the sleet Here it is hot, the sun is gold
And turns tired when day is old
Christmas carols are sung at night
Somewhere outside, by candle-light
Church bells break the frozen air
Ringing loudly everywhere
There is where white winter glory
Comes to tell the Christmas story. Church bells ring out in the heat
And call to people in the street
The Christmas story here is told
In summer, when the sun is gold.
(На карте мира флажками отмечаются страны, о которых читается текст).
Christmas around the World.
Holland. The Dutch celebrate St. Nicholas Day on the 6th of December with parties. Thousands of children and adults gather to watch St. Nicholas travelling on his white horse.
Australia. Christmas in Australia falls during midsummer when the weather is at its hottest, and people are taking their summer holidays. Christmas lunch is often eaten on the beach under the Christmas tree although(хотя) the turkey is eaten cold with salads, not hot as people eat it in England or America.
Finland. In Finland many people hang some food on the tree in front of the window. It may be pinecones (сосновая шишка) spread (растертые) with unsalted peanuts (арахис) and butter, corn kernels (зерна кукурузы), unsalted nuts, apples studded (осыпанные) with mixed seeds (семена) and etc. They refuse to sit down to Christmas dinner until the birds outside have been fed.
Italy. The Italian people treat (считают) the day before Christmas as a fast (постный) day, and eat and drink very little. The time for exchanging gifts in Italy is the 6th of January. These gifts are delivered by “la Befana”, a white witch (ведьма) who flies down the chimney with them on her broomstick (метла). The gifts are left in the children’s shoes, which are placed before the fire.
Mexico. The main thing for the children at Christmas parties is the “pinata”. This is a decorated container (сосуд), which can be any shape (форма) (birds, planes and dolls are popular) hung in the garden or in the center of the room. The children are blindfolded (с завязанными глазами) and they have a long stick. They try one by one to break the pinata which is filled with sweets and fruits. But sometimes there is a shock when the pinata has been filled with water instead of sweets and everyone gets wet.
Teacher: What country would you like to celebrate Christmas in? Why?
(Следуют высказывания учащихся).
Teacher: Do we celebrate Christmas in Russia? Let’s compare English and Russian traditions of celebrating the holiday.
(Учащиеся получают карточки с вопросами для сравнения. Монологические высказывания).
Card II.1. For The English Christmas is more important holiday then New Year. And what about Russian people?
2. The English celebrate Christmas on the night from the 24th to the 25th of December. When do we celebrate Christmas in Russia?
3. In England Christmas is a religious holiday. What about Russia? Do people go to church on this day?
4. The English decorate their houses before Christmas. Do we decorate our houses before Christmas? Do we use any plants?
5. It’s a tradition in England to send Christmas cards. What about Russia?
6. The English put their presents into a stocking. Where do we usually put our presents?
7. Santa Claus brings Christmas presents in England. And In Russia?
8. The most popular Christmas dishes are Christmas turkey and Christmas pudding. Do Russian people cook any traditional dishes at Christmas?
Teacher: So, you can see that Christmas is celebrated all over the world. In every country customs and traditions vary a little, but one thing is the same everywhere: it’s a gay and happy holiday. So let’s say each other “Merry Christmas!” By the way, what does it mean?
(Учащиеся читают стихотворение по строчке).
Merry Christmas!
M for the music, merry and clear;
E for the Eve, the crown of the year;
R for the Romping of bright girls and boys;
R for the Reindeer that brings them the toys;
Y for the Yule log softly aglow;
C for the Cold of the sky and the snow;
H for the Hearth where they hang up the hose;
R for the Reel which the old folks propose;
I for the Icicles seen through the pane;
S for the sleigh bells, with tinkling refrain;
T for the Tree with gifts all abloom;
M for the Mistletoe hung in the room;
A for the Anthems we all like to hear;
S for St. Nicholas – Joy of the year!
Teacher: And let’s sing the most popular Christmas song “Jingle Bells”.
(Исполняется песня).
