Данная методическая разработка предназначена для учащихся 9-11 классов. На этом этапе обучения учащиеся уже знакомы со временами английского глагола в действительном залоге, и им необходимо систематизировать свои знания в этой области, повторить случаи и способы употребления тех или иных времен, временные индикаторы.
Методическая разработка состоит из 3 разделов: теоретического, практического и ключей к упражнениям. В теоретическую часть включена сводные таблицы времен и временных индикаторов. В практической части представлены грамматические упражнения на каждое время в отдельности и упражнения на смешение времен.
Данную методическую разработку можно применять при выполнении САМПО, при подготовке к контрольным и обобщающим занятиям по грамматике, ЕГЭ и ОГЭ, на факультативных занятиях.
Характеристика глагола как части речи.
Глаголы, это слова, обозначающие действие: какую-либо деятельность (to walk, to speak, to play, to study), процесс (to sleep, to wait, to live), состояние (to be, to like, to know), отношение (to consist, to resemble, to lack).
Глагол имеет определенные грамматические черты, например, категории времени, залога, вида, наклонения и т. д. Синтаксическая функция глагола в предложении - сказуемое.
По значению глаголы делят на «конечные» (имеющие конечную цель): to open, to close, to bring, to recognize, to refuse, to break и «длительные» (действие может продолжаться неопределенно долго): to carry, to live, to speak, to know, to sit, to play. Некоторые глаголы, в зависимости от контекста, могут быть как конечными, так и длительными: to see, to know. Ex. I saw him at once (Я увидел его тотчас же). I saw his face quite clearly (Я видел его лицо достаточно ясно).
Глаголы делятся на динамичные и статичные. Динамичные могут использоваться в формах Continuous, а статичные-нет.
Статичные глаголы обозначают:
физическое восприятие: to hear, to notice, to see;
эмоции: to adore, to care for, to detest, to dislike, to hate, to like, to love, to respect;
желания: to desire, to want, to wish;
ментальные процессы: to admire, to appreciate, to assume, to believe, to consider, to doubt, to expect, to feel, to imagine, to know, to mind, to perceive, to presume, to recall, to recognize, to recollect, to regard, to remember, to suppose, to think, to trust, to understand;
(взаимо)отношения: to apply, to be, to belong, to concern, to consist, to contain, to depend, to deserve, to differ, to equal, to fit, to have, to hold, to include, to involve, to lack, to matter, to need, to owe, to own, to posses, to remain, to require, to resemble, to result, to signify, to suffice;
Статичными могут быть и некоторые другие глаголы:
to agree, to allow, to appear, to astonish, to claim, to consent, to displease, to envy, to fail to do, to find, to forgive, to intend, to interest, to keep doing, to manage to do, to mean, to object, to please, to prefer, to prevent, to puzzle, to realize, to refuse, to remind, to satisfy, to seem, to smell, to sound, to succeed, to suit, to surprise, to taste, to tend, to value.
Глаголы могут быть переходными и непереходными. Переходные требуют после себя прямое дополнение (ex. I swear I’m telling the truth. His mother never gave him advice. Now let’s talk of something sensible.), непереходные-нет.
По значению и функции в предложении английские глаголы делятся на значимые и служебные. Значимые всегда имеют свое лексическое значение и независимую синтаксическую функцию в предложении. (During the war he lived in London.). Служебные (модальные и вспомогательные) не имеют собственное лексическое значение и независимую синтаксическую функцию в предложении. Они обычно связаны с другими словами. (ex. The party is at eight. You must dress suitably for it. Do you know why he said that?)
Глаголы в английском языке делятся на правильные ( to play-played, to answer-answered, to open-opened etc.) и неправильные (to sing-sang-sung, to write-wrote-written, to send-sent-sent etc.)
Грамматические категории глагола.
Время – это форма глагола, которая указывает время действия. Категория времени в английском языке представлена набором временных форм, противопоставленных друг другу, и относящихся к событиям в прошлом, настоящем или будущем.
Залог - действительный (Active Voice) или страдательный (Passive Voice).
Вид – длительный (Continuous forms), недлительный (Indefinite forms), совершенный (Perfect forms).
Существует 16 видовременных форм в действительном залоге в английском языке. Это the Present Indefinite, the Present Continuous, the Present Perfect, the Present Perfect Continuous, the Past Indefinite, the Past Continuous, the Past Perfect, the Past Perfect Continuous, the Future Indefinite, the Future Continuous, the Future Perfect, the Future Perfect Continuous, the Future Indefinite-in the- Past, the Future Continuous –in the –Past, the Future Perfect – in the- Past, the Future Perfect Continuous – in the Past.
The Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense.
(Настоящее неопределенное (простое) время).
Формирование: I, you, we, they + глагол без частицы “to’
He, she, it (3 лицо, ед.ч) +глагол с окончанием –s-
Если глагол оканчивается на –s-, -ss-, -sh-, -ch-, -tch-, -x-, -z-,-o- то к основе глагола добавляется окончание –es- в 3 лице, ед. ч. (ex. pass-passes, push-pushes, watch-watches).
Если глагол оканчивается на –y-, которой предшествует согласный, то –y-меняется на –i- и добавляется окончание –es- в 3 лице, ед . ч., (ex. study-studies, try-tries, fly-flies) но, если –y- предшествует гласный, то добавляется окончание –s- (ex.play-plays, stay-stays).
Примеры:
I work every day.
Do you work every day?
Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
He works every day.
Does he work every day?
Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
Случаи употребления:
универсальные истины.
ex. The Earth goes round the Sun.
ex. Water boils at 100 oC
привычные, регулярно повторяющиеся действия.
ex. He wakes up around 6 o’clock and has a cup of coffee.
действия как факт.
ex. I teach English and History at a college.
преемственные действия, происходящие в момент речи ( в комментариях TV, радио, спортивных )
ex. (TV film about Chi-Chi, the giant panda, who returns home after her stay in the Moscow Zoo). Chi-Chi walks over to the traveling box. She climbs on the rock. The crowd moves closer to Chi-Chi.
в восклицательных и вопросительных предложениях.
ex. My dear, how you throw about your money!
ex. Why do you talk like that to me?
действия в момент речи, если важны сами действия, а не их
длительность.
ex. I refuse to listen to you. You talk such nonsense.
для обозначения ближайшего будущего в специальных вопросах.
ex. What do we do next? Where do we go now? What happens next?
для обозначения будущего действия, которое обязательно произойдет согласно расписания, программы и т.д.
ex. Our tourist groups sleep at the Globo hotel this night and stat for Berlin tomorrow morning.
ex. When does Ted return from his honeymoon?
для выражения будущего времени в сложноподчиненных предложениях с союзами when, while, till, until, before, after, as soon as, once, где в главном предложении – the Future Indefinite Tense, модальные глаголы, повелительное наклонение.
Ex. Will you wait while I look through the newspaper?
10) в условных предложениях с союзами if, unless, on condition that, in case, provided (providing)
ex. If it rains I’ll stay at home.
в предложениях уступки с союзами even if, even though, no matter how, whenever, whatever, however etc.
ex. Even if he hates me I shall never do him any harm.
Временные индикаторы: often, seldom, sometimes, occasionally, always, every year (week, month, winter, season, Monday, day), usually, once (twice, three times a week), daily, on Sundays etc.
The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense.
(Настоящее длительное время).
Формирование: to be+Ving
I am, you/we - are, he/she/it –is + глагол с окончанием -ing.
Если глагол оканчивается на –e -, то –е- убирается и добавляется-ing (close-closing, make-making), конечная согласная удваивается у глаголов, состоящих из 1 или 2 слогов, второй из которых ударный ( cut-cutting, begin-beginning, prefer-preferring, occur-occuring). Конечная –у- остается (study-studying, stay-staying). Конечная –ie- меняется на –у-(tie-tying, lie-lying).
Примеры:
I am working now.
Are you working now?
Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Случаи употребления:
действие, происходящее в момент речи
ex. Oh, mummy! The eggs are burning! The coffee is boiling over!
в восклицательных предложениях, несущих эмоциональную нагрузку.
ex. You’re constantly complaining that you have too much to do!
в будущем действии, если оно было запланировано
ex. He is having a meeting with the men this afternoon.
Временные индикаторы: at the moment, at this moment, now, constantly, all
the time, always etc.
The Present Perfect Tense.
(Настоящее совершенное время).
Формирование: to have+V3 или ed
I, you, we, they –have+V3 или ed
He, she, it - has+V3 или ed
Примеры:
I have already written a letter.
Have you written a letter yet?
Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Случаи употребления:
для выражения законченного действия, имеющего связь с настоящим с временными индикаторами: already, yet, ever, never, just, always, recently, before, lately, often, seldom, of late, this week (month, year, season, weekend), so far, etc.
ex. Such news! We’ve bought a racehorse.
для выражения действия, начавшегося до момента речи и продолжающегося в его момент с временными индикаторами since, for, for an hour, for many years, for the last few days, for a long time, for so long, for ages, in years, in a long while, these three years, all this week, all along, so long, all one’s life etc.
ex. I’ve loved her since she was a child.
в придаточных предложениях времени с союзами when, before, after, as soon as, till, until, где в главном – the Future Indefinite.
ex. As soon as we have had some tea, Ann, we shall go to inspect your house.
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
( Настоящее продолженное время).
Формирование: to have been+Ving
I, you, we, they –have been+ Ving
He, she, it – has been + Ving
Примеры:
We have been working.
Have you been working?
Yes, we have. No, we haven’t.
Случаи употребления:
1) для выражения действия, начавшегося до момента речи и продолжающегося в его момент с временными индикаторами since, for, for an hour, for many years, for the last few days, for a long time, for so long, for ages, in years, in a long while, these three years, all this week, all along, so long, all one’s life etc.
ex. We’ve been staying here nearly a week.
2) для выражения действия , длящегося какой-то период времени в прошлом и имеющего связь с настоящим с временными индикаторами just, tonight, this evening etc.)
ex. I have been discussing it with Arabella this evening.
The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense.
(Прошедшее неопределенное (простое) время.
Формирование: V2 или Ved (если глагол правильный, добавляется-окончание –ed- , если глагол неправильный, берется вторая форма из таблицы неправильных глаголов.)
Примеры:
Ex. I wrote a letter yesterday.
Did you write a letter yesterday?
Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
He decided to write a letter yesterday.
Did he decide to write a letter yesterday?
Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
Случаи употребления:
для выражения разового или регулярно повторяющегося действия в прошлом.
ex. I met her 6 months ago.
для выражения последовательных действий в прошлом(обычно в повествованиях).
ex. Yesterday I came home early, I had dinner, washed the dishes and cleaned the room.
для описания фактов в прошлом.
ex. Shakespeare wrote a lot of plays.
для выражения действия, которое происходило некоторое время и закончилось в прошлом.
ex. We waited for an hour, then retuned home.
Временные индикаторы: yesterday, the day before yesterday, last day (week, month, year, weekend, season, Sunday), 2 days ago, in 1985.
The Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense.
(Прошедшее длительное время).
Формирование: I, he, she, it+was+Ving
we, you, they+were+Ving
Примеры:
She was cleaning the room at 2 o’clock yesterday.
Was she cleaning the room at 2 o’clock yesterday?
No, she wasn’t cleaning the room at 2 o’clock yesterday.
Случаи употребления:
для выражения действия происходившего в определенный момент или период в прошлом
ex. This time last year I was taking my exams.
для выражения действия, во время которого произошло еще одно действие, выраженное глаголом в Past Simple.
ex. I was cleaning my room when Tim came.
для выражения параллельных длительных действий, происходивших одновременно.
ex. My mother was cooking dinner while we were cleaning the room.
Временные индикаторы: all day yesterday, during last week, at 2 o’clock yesterday etc.
The Past Perfect Tense.
( Прошедшее совершенное время).
Формирование: had+V3 или Ved
Примеры:
I had done my homework by 3 o’clock.
Had you done your homework by 3 o’clock?
No, I hadn’t. Yes, I had
Случаи употребления:
действие, произошедшее раньше другого действия в прошлом.
ex. They had already written the test when the bell rang.
действие, начавшееся до определенного момента в прошлом и длившееся вплоть до него.
ex. They hadn’t heard from him for 10 years when suddenly they got a letter.
действие, уже завершившееся в прошлом, в то время как другое действие еще длилось.
ex. They had finished their work and were watching TV.
Временные индикаторы: by Monday, by 5 o’clock yesterday etc.
The Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Tense.
(Прошедшее совершенное длительное время)
Формирование: had been+Ving
Примеры:
She had been cooking dinner for 2 hours when we came.
Had she been cooking dinner for 2 hours when we came?
Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t.
Случаи употребления:
действие началось до определенного момента или другого действия в прошлом и все еще продолжалось в тот момент.
ex. They had been driving all night when at last they saw a motel.
действие началось до определенного момента или другого действия в прошлом и только что закончилось с очевидным результатом.
ex. The boys were excited. They had been fighting.
Временные индикаторы: by Monday, by 5 o’clock tomorrow etc.
The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense
( будущее неопределенное (простое) время).
Формирование: I, we + shall+ инфинитив без “to”
You, they, he, she, it + will+ инфинитив без “to”
Примеры:
They will go to the country next Sunday.
Will they go to the country next Sunday?
Yes, they will. No, they won’t.
Случаи употребления:
единичные, повторяющиеся или последовательные действия, относящиеся к будущему.
ex. We’ll write tests every month this year.
ex. Tomorrow mother will cook dinner for our family.
ex. I’ll do my homework, then I’ll clean the room and after that I’ll phone you.
Временные индикаторы: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next day (week, month, season, Monday), soon, as soon as possible, in an hour etc.
The Future Continuous (Progressive) Tense.
(будущее длительное время)
Формирование: I, we +shall be+Ving
You, they, he, she, it + will be+Ving
Примеры:
I’ll be writing a test at 2 o’clock tomorrow.
Will you be writing a test at 2 o’clock tomorrow?
Yes, I will. No, I won’t.
Случаи употребления:
действие будет находиться в процессе осуществления в определенный момент в будущем.
ex. I’ll be watching my favorite film in an hour.
ex. At this time next week we’ll be swimming in the sea.
Временные индикаторы: all next week, during next month, at 2 o’clock
tomorrow.
The Future Perfect Tense.
( будущее совершенное время).
Формирование: I, we +shall have+V3 или Ved
You, they, he, she, it + will have+V3 или Ved
Примеры:
I’ll have finished this book by 10 o’clock tomorrow.
Will you have finished this book by 10 o’clock tomorrow?
Yes, I will. No, I won’t.
Случаи употребления:
действие, которое закончится к определенному моменту в будущем.
ex. He’ll have passed his exams by July.
Временные индикаторы: by that time, by the time she returns, by Sunday, by 5
o’clock tomorrow.
The Future Perfect Continuous Tense.
(будущее совершенное длительное время).
Формирование: I, we +shall have+been+Ving
You, they, he, she, it + will have+been+Ving
Примеры:
I’ll have been working here for 10 years next September.
Will you have been working here for 10 years next September?
Yes, I will. No, I won’t.
Случаи употребления:
1) действие началось в прошлом, длилось какое-то время и будет длиться до определенного момента в будущем, включая сам момент.
ex. He will have been repairing his car for half a year next Monday.
The Future- in the Past -Indefinite Tense.
(будущее в прошедшем неопределенное время).
Формирование: would/could + V
Примеры:
I would buy this dress. Would you buy this dress? Yes, I would. No, I woudn’t.
Случаи употребления:
воображаемое действие
ex. It would be nice to buy a new car, but we can’t afford it.
вежливые выражения
ex. Would you like something to drink?
условные предложения 2 типа.
ex. If I didn’t go to the party, they would be upset.
I, you, we, they take He, she, it takes
I am taking,
He, she, it is taking
You, we, they are taking
I, we, you, they have taken
He, she, it has taken
I, you, we, they have been taking
He, she, it has been taking
Past
I, we, you ,they, he, she, it took, decided
I, he, she, it was taking
You, we, they were taking
I, you, we, they, he, she, it had taken
I, you, we, they, he, she, it had been taking
Future
I, we shall take
You, they, he, she, it will take
I, we shall be taking
You, they, he, she, it will be taking
I, we shall have taken
You,they,he,she,it
will have taken
I, we shall have been taking
You, they, he, she, it will have been taking
Future –in –the Past
I, we should take
You, they, he, she, it would take
I, we should be taking
You, they, he, she, it would be taking
I, we should have taken
You, he, she, it they would have taken
I, we should have been taking
You, he, she, it, they will have been taking
Now, at the moment, at the present moment
Just, already, lately, recently, yet, after, before, since, for, so far
For, since
Past
Yesterday, the day before yesterday, some days ago, last week (month, Sunday, winter)
Yesterday from 5 to 6, all last week, during last month
Hardly, scarcely, no sooner as, after, before, when, already, as soon as, it was the first time…
By 5 o’clock, all morning, day, week, just, for, since
Future
Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in 4 days, next week ( month, year, winter …)
Tomorrow from 7 to 8, all next week, during next month
By 6 o’clock
By 6 o’clock
The Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense.
1) Complete the sentences using the necessary forms of the following verbs (cause, connect, drink, live, open, speak, and take)
Tanya ______ German very well.
I don’t often ________ coffee.
The swimming pool ________ at 7.30 every morning.
Bad driving ___________ many accidents.
My parents ________ in a very small flat.
The Olympic Games ___________ place every four years.
The Panama Canal _______ the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
2) Put the verb into the correct form.
Julie ______(not drink) tea very often.
What time __________(the banks/close) here?
I’ve got a computer, but I __________ (not/use) it much.
“Where _____ (Martin/come) from?” “He’s Scottish.
“What _______(you/do)?” “I’m an electrician”.
It _____(take) me an hour to get to work. How long ______(it/take) you?
Look at this sentence. What ______ (this word/mean)?
David isn’t very fit. He _______ (not/do) any sport.
The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense.
3) Complete the sentences with the following verbs in the correct form (get, happen, look, lose, make, start, stay, try, work)
“___ you ______ hard today?”
I _______ for Christine. Do you know where she is?
It ______ dark. Shall I turn on the light?
They don’t have anywhere to live at the moment. They ______ with friends until they find somewhere.
Things are not so good at work. The company ______ money.
Have you got an umbrella? It _____ to rain.
You ______ a lot of noise. Can you be quieter? I_______ to concentrate.
Why are all these people here? What ______?
The Present Indefinite or Present Continuous?
4) Put the verb into the correct form Present Indefinite or Present Continuous.
a) Are you hungry? ________ (you want) something to eat?
b) Don’t put the dictionary away. I _______ (use) it.
c) Don’t put the dictionary away. I ______(need) it.
d) Who is that man? What ________ (he/want)?
e) Who is that man? Why ___________ (he/look) at us?
f) Alan says he’s 80 years old, but nobody ________ (believe) him.
g) She told me her name, but I ___________ (not/remember) it now.
h) She told me her name, but I _______ (not remember ) it now.
i) I __________ (think) of selling my car. Would you be interested in buying it?
j) I ____________(think) you should sell your car. You _________ (not/use) it
very often.
k) Air _______ (consist) mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.
The Present Perfect Tense.
5) Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet.
After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says: “Would you like something to eat?” You say: “No, thank you. ________ (have lunch).
Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says: “Can I speak to Joe?” You say: “I’m afraid _______(go out)
You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You say: “Wait a minute!” ________ (not finish)
You are going to a restaurant tonight. You phone to reserve a table. Later your friend says: “Shall I phone to reserve a table?’ You say: “No, ______(do it).
You know that a friend of yours is looking for a place to live. Perhaps she has been successful. Ask her. You say: ________________(find)?
You are still thinking about where to go for your holiday. A friend asks: “Where are you going for your holiday?” You say: ___________(not decide).
Linda went to the bank, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks: “Is Linda still at the bank?” You say: “No, ______________(come back).
6) Complete the sentences with since or for.
a) I’ve had this job _____ a month.
b) He’s known her _____April.
c) She’s been ill _____ years.
d) I haven’t seen him _____ ages.
e) I’ve lived here _____ 1992.
f) He’s been away ______ a long time.
g) I haven’t slept _____ 2 nights.
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
7) Complete the sentences with verbs from the box.
It ______ all day.
I ______English since I was 6.
She tennis professionally for ten long.
We ____n’t_____ in this house for very long.
That man ____ up and down the street for ages.
I ______ very hard this week.
She ______ non-stop since she got his letter.
He ______ that music for hours. I wish he’d stop.
____ you_____ long, sir?
They call me waiter, but you _____ for half an hour.
8) Put in the Present Perfect Tense or the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
That man (stand) outside for hours.
The castle (stand) on that hill for 900 years.
Ann (garden) all afternoon. She (plant) a lot of rose bushes.
James (go) out every night this week.
He (see) a lot of Alexandra recently.
How long (you wait)?
I (wait) long enough. I’m going.
Her family (farm) this land since the 10th century.
She (only farm) for 2 years, but she’s doing very well.
I (learn) German for 6 years.
I (learn) most of the irregular verbs.
My mother (do) all her Christmas shopping.
I (do) Christmas shopping all day.
I (clean) the car. Doesn’t it look nice?
“You look tired”. “I (wash) clothes all day.”
The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense.
9) Read what Laura says about a typical working day.
Yesterday was atypical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn’t do yesterday.
__________________ at 7 o’clock.
She _______________ a big breakfast.
She___________________ .
It ____________ to get to work.
_______________________ at 8.45.
___________________ lunch.
___________________ at 5 o’clock.
_____________________ tired when_________ home.
_______________ a meal yesterday evening.
___________________ out yesterday evening.
_______________________ at 11 o’clock.
_______________________ well last night.
The Present Perfect or Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense.
10) Choose the right tenses and put the sentences in pairs to make news items. For example: A light passenger plane has crashed in Surrey. According to eyewitnesses, the aircraft hit a tree while coming in to land.
A light passenger plane (crash) in Surrey.
5 thousand fans (be) at the airport.
According to eyewitnesses, the aircraft (hit) a tree while coming in to land.
Ana Gomez, of Peru, (set) a new record for the marathon.
He (say) I was just the person he needed.
Novelist Maria Santiago (marry) actor Tony Delaney.
Peter (just offer) me a new job!
Police (find) missing schoolgirl Karen Allen.
She (cover) the 42 km in just over 2 hours and 16 minutes.
She (be) at a friend’s house in Birmingham.
The World Cup team (arrive) home.
They (fall) just before reaching the summit of Mon Blanc (4, 807 m).
They (meet) while working on the screenplay for the film “Sun in the Morning”.
They (steal) dustmen’s uniforms and walked out through the main gate.
Three climbers (die) in the Alps.
Two prisoners (escape) from Caernarvon high security prison.
The Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense.
11) Put in the correct tenses.
At 6 o’clock this morning I (have) a wonderful dream, but then the alarm (go) off.
This time yesterday I (lie) on the beach.
When I walked in they (all talk) about babies.
I saw Sid when I (come) to work this morning. He (shop).
She (meet) her husband while she (travel) in Egypt.
While I (talk) to Mrs Singleton somebody (walk) into my office and (steal) the computer.
When Jake (come) in everybody (stop) talking.
I (look) out of window and (see) that we (fly) over the mountains.
I (wake) up to find that water (pour) through the bedroom ceiling.
He (break) his leg while he (play) football.
I (go) to see how she (be) and found she (cry).
She (tell) me she (have) a bad time with her husband.
The Past Perfect Tense.
12) Join the beginnings and ends to make sensible sentences.
13) Put in the Past Simple or Past Perfect.
I (be) sorry that I (not be) nicer to him.
Nobody (come) to the meeting because Angela (forget) to tell people about it.
I (see) her before somewhere –I (know).
Because he (not check) the oil for so long, the car (break) down.
She couldn’t find the book that I (lend) her.
They (never find) where he (hide) the money.
It was a firm that I (never hear) of.
When she (come) in, we all knew where she (be).
The lesson (already start) when I (arrive).
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
14) Read the story.
On Tuesday afternoon, everyone in my family was very busy-except me. During
The afternoon Helen repaired her car, John practiced his karate, Kate did some gardening, Stephanie played tennis, Roger swam for half an hour, Pam went horse-riding, Philip painted the ceiling in his room light blue. I spent the afternoon sitting reading.
Now answer the questions.
Who had black grease on her hands at teatime? Why?
Helen, because she had been repairing her car.
Who had dirt on her hands and knees? Why?
Who was wearing a short white skirt? Why?
Who was wearing a white jacket and trousers and a black belt? Why?
Who was wearing high boots and a hard hat? Why?
Whose hair had light blue streaks in it? Why?
Whose hair was all wet? Why?
Revision of Past and Perfect Tenses.
15) Choose the right tenses (Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Past Simple, Past Continuous)
Reports are coming in that train (crash) near Birmingham. According to eyewitnesses, it (hit) a concrete block which somebody (put) on the line.
Halfway to the office Paul (turn) round and (go) back home, because he (forget) to turn the gas off.
I (do) housework all day today. I (clean) every room in the house.
I (lie) in bed thinking about getting up when the doorbell (ring).
It wasn’t surprising that she (start) getting toothpaste. She (not go) to the dentist for two years.
I (play) a lot of bridge recently.
When I (get) home everybody (watch) TV.
We (not see) your mother for ages.
How long (you learn) English?
London (change) a lot since we first (come) to live here.
“How many times (you see) this film?” “This is the first time I(see) it”.
“Who is that?” “I (never see) him before in my life”.
I hear Joe (get) married last summer.
O (often wonder) where she (get) her money.
(You read) Pam Marshall’s latest book?
They (just discover) a new fuel-it’s half the price of petrol, and much cleaner.
(You hear) the storm last night?
My sister (be) married three times.
While she (talk) on the phone the children (start) fighting and (break) a window.
He used to talk to us for hours about all the interesting things he (do) in his life.
You know, she (stand) looking at that picture for the last twenty minutes.
The old cross (stand) on top of the hill as long as anybody can remember.
I (spend) a lot of time traveling since I (get) this new job.
When I (be) at school we all (study) Latin.
After he (finish) breakfast he (sit) down to write some letters.
When I (meet) him he (work) as a waiter for a year or so.
б)I (never learn) to ski.
в)(you finish) with the bedroom yet?
г)We (live) in Scotland until I (be) eighteen.
д) She (have) a hard life, but she’s always smiling.
The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense.
16) Here are some sentences taken from recorded conversations. Can you put the beginnings and ends together?
The Future Continuous Tense.
17) Make future progressive questions to ask somebody politely.
What time they are planning to get up.
What they plan to wear.
How they intend to travel to work.
How soon they intend to leave.
Whether they expect to take the car.
Whether they plan to have lunch out.
What time they intend to come back.
Where they are planning to sleep.
How they intend to pay.
When they plan to go back home.
The Future Perfect Tense.
18) Put the beginnings and ends together.
The Future Continuous or Future Perfect Tense.
19) Put the verb into the correct form.
Don’t phone between 7 and 8. __________ (we/have dinner then).
Phone me after 8 o’clock. __________ (we/finish) dinner by then.
Tomorrow afternoon we’re going to play tennis from 3 o’clock until 4.30. so at 4 o’clock, ___________ (we/play) tennis.
Can we meet tomorrow? Yes, but not in the afternoon. ______(I/work).
Ben is on holiday and he is spending his money very quickly. If he continues like this, ________ (he/spend) all money before the end of his holiday.
Do you think _____(you/still/do) the same job in ten years’ time?
Lisa is from New Zealand. She is traveling around Europe at the moment. So far she has traveled about 1000 miles. By the end of the trip, _____(she/travel) more than 3000 miles.
If you need to contact me, ___________ (I/stay) at the Lion Hotel until Friday.
The Future Perfect ContinuousTense.
20) How long will you have been learning English/working/going to school/living in your present house by next summer? (Write sentences with the Future Perfect Progressive.) If you can work with other students, ask them the same questions.
The Future- in the Past- Indefinite Tense.
21)Each sentence on the right follows a sentence on the left. Which follows which?
22) Put the verb into the correct form.
They wouldn’t be offended if I ______ to their (not/go).
If you took more exercise, you _____ better (feel).
If they offered me the job, I think I ______ it (take).
A lot of people would be out of work if the car factory _______ (close down).
If I sold my car, I _________ much money for it (not get).
What would happen if somebody _________that red button? (press)
I don’t think there’s any chance that Gary and Emma will get married. I’d be absolutely astonished if they _________ (do).
Liz gave me this ring. She ___________ very upset if I lost it (be).
Dave and Kate are expecting us. They would be very disappointed if we ______ (not/come).
Would Steve mind if I _______ his bike without asking him? (borrow)
What would you do if somebody _____ in here with a gun?(walk)
I’m sure Sue ___________ if you explained the situation to her (understand).
Keys to exercises.
speaks, drink, opens, causes, live, take, connects
does not drink, do the banks close, don’t use, does Martin come, do you do, takes…does it take, does this word mean, doesn’t do
are working, am looking, is getting, are staying, is losing, is starting, are making, am trying, is happening
do you want, am using, need, does he want, is he looking, believes, don’t remember/can’t remember, am thinking, think…don’t use, consist
I’ve just had lunch. He has just gone out. I haven’t finished yet. I’ve already done yet. Have you found a place to live yet? I haven’t decided yet. She has just come back.
for, since, for, for, since, for, for
has been raining, have been learning, has been playing, have… been leaving, has been walking, have been working, has been crying, has been playing, Have … been waiting, ‘ve been waiting
has been standing, has stood, has been gardening, has planted, has gone, has been seeing, have you been waiting, have waited, has farmed, has only been farming, have been learning, have learnt, has done, have been doing, have cleaned, have been washing
got up, had, she walked to work, it took her about half an hour, she started work, she didn’t have any lunch/eat any lunch, she finished work, she was tired when she got home, she cooked, she didn’t go, she went to bed, she slept
10)a)Ana Gomez, of Peru, has set a new record for the marathon. She covered the 42 km in just over 2 hours and 16 minutes. b) Novelist Maria Santiago has married actor Tony Delaney. They met while working on the screenplay for the film “Sun in the Morning”. c) Peter has just offered me a new job! He said I was just the person he needed. d) Police have found missing schoolgirl Karen Allen. She was at a friend’s house in Birmingham. e) The World Cup team have arrived home. 5 thousand fans were at the airport. f) Three climbers have died in the Alps. They fell just before reaching the summit of Mont Blanc (4807 m). g) Two prisoners have escaped from Caernavon high security prison. They stole dustmen’s uniforms and walked out through the main gate.
11) was having…went; was lying; were talking; was coming…. was shopping;
met…was traveling; was talking…walked…stole; came…stopped; looked, saw, were flying; woke, was pouring; broke… was playing; went…was…was crying; told…was having
12) After he had tried on six pairs of shoes he decided he liked the first ones best.
After Mary had done all the shopping she took a short walk round the park.
When I had washed and dried the last plate Paul came in and offered to help.
When Mark had looked through all the drawers in his room he started going through the cupboards downstairs.
When he had finished eating lunch he went to the café in the square for a cup of coffee.
13) was sorry…had not been, came…..had forgotten, had seen…knew, had not checked…broke, had lent, had invited….had not invited, found…had hidden, had never heard, came…had been, had already started…arrived.
14) Kate, because she had been (doing some) gardening. Stephanie, because she had been playing tennis. John, because he had been practicing his karate. Pam, because she had been horse-riding. Philip, because he had been painting the ceiling in his room. Roger, because he had been swimming.
15) has crashed…hit…had put, turned…went…had forgotten, have been doing…have cleaned, was lying…rang, started…had not been/gone, have been playing, got…was watching, haven’t seen, have you been learning, has changed…came, have you seen…’ve seen, have never seen, got, have often wondered…got, Have you read, have just discovered, Did you hear, has been, was talking…started…broke, had done, has been standing, has stood, have spent/have been spending…got, was…studied, had finished…sat, met…had been working, have never learnt, Have you finished, lived…was, has had
16) Buy the cat food here. It’ll be cheaper.
Don’t give her your keys. She’ll only lose them.
Get John to have a look at the TV. He’ll fix it.
“He’ll grow up one day.” “I hope you’re right.”
He’ll need somebody to help him.
“How’s June?” “She’ll be OK”
I must get back to work; otherwise I’ll get the sack.
If he doesn’t stop drinking, he’ll be dead in 5 years.
If we give a shout, she’ll come and help.
If you put lemon in it, he’ll drink it.
Knowing his luck, if he plays golf he’ll get hit on the nose with a ball.
No good sending her a bill, is it? She’ll just refuse to pay.
One day you’ll be old, and then your kids will laugh at you.
She’ll be 14 on May 12th.
She’ll forget about you.
17) What time will you be getting up?
What will you be wearing?
How will you be traveling to work?
How soon will you be leaving?
Will you be taking the car?
Will you be having lunch out?
What time will you be coming back?
Where will you be sleeping?
How will you be paying?
When will you be going back home?
18) I won’t have finished the report by Monday, and it’s needed for Monday
morning.
In a couple of years the children will have left home and we’ll able to get a smaller house.
On our next wedding anniversary we will have been married for 25 years.
When I get home tonight I will have been driving for 14 hours non-stop.
When I retire I will have been working for 40 years.
19) We’ll be having. We’ll have finished. We’ll be playing. I’ll be working. The meeting will have ended. He’ll have spent. You’ll still be doing. She’ll have traveled. I’ll be staying. Will you be seeing?
21) I’d like to go to Australia one day. It would be nice.
‘d enjoy/would enjoy
‘d have enjoyed/would have enjoyed
would you go
‘d have stopped/would have stopped
would have been
‘d be /would be
‘d have passed/would have passed
would have
22) didn’t go
‘d take/would take
closed down
wouldn’t get
pressed
did
‘d be/would be
didn’t come
borrowed
walked
would understand
Литература.
1. Krylova I. P., Gordon E. M. “A Grammar of Present-day English. Practical
Course”. Издательство «Феникс», Москва,
1999, с. 9-85
2. Raymond Murphy “English Grammar in Use”,Cambridge University Press,
2007, с. 2-77
3. Michael Swan, Catherine Walter “How English works. A grammar practice
book”, Oxford University Press, 1997, c. 130-172
4. Терентьева О. В. «Английский язык в таблицах. 5-11 классы. Справочные
материалы», издательство «Астрель», Москва, 2009.
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